In the majority of the cases, the pathology of the ligamentous apparatus involves the functionality of the articulations, getting worse with more or less important degrees of limitations of the articulations themselves.
Elongation: with this term we define the effect of intense and sudden strain on a ligament that, even without causing any injury to the fibres, weakens the structure with an “abnormal lengthening”;
Distortion: with this term, we define the partial lesions of different degrees of the ligamentous structure due to sudden and violent strains;
Injury: with this term we define the complete lesion of the ligamentous structure with an anatomical separation of the stumps.